What is Medical Nutrition (Diet) Treatment in Obesity?
It is the creation of the ratio of body weight to height. Medical nutrition
(dietary) therapy is specific to the individual. The aim is to provide the
individual with the right eating habit and to maintain this habit.
What is Exercise Treatment in Obesity?
With exercise therapy, medical nutrition therapy is supported, individuals are
prevented from gaining weight, losing weight, and regaining weight are prevented.
What is Behavior Change Treatment in Obesity?
Although behavior change treatment differs according to the therapist and the
individual, the treatment plan is generally self-observation, stimulus control, goal
setting, alternative behavior development, reinforcement-self-reward, stress
control, cognitive
structuring-social support. consists of all or more of the methods such as Aim; to
change negative behaviors related to eating and physical activity in a positive way.
What are Surgical Treatment Methods in Obesity?
If obesity has caused life-threatening serious complications in the patient, some
treatment methods called obesity surgery come to the fore. The bariatric surgeon
decides which surgical methods will be applied in which situations.
The surgical approach to obesity is divided into two. These methods are;
bariatric surgery to reduce energy intake with food and reconstructive surgery
methods that provide removal of regional fat tissues.
Bariatric surgery, which reduces the absorption of nutrients in the
gastrointestinal tract (stomach and intestines); includes applications such as
bypass, gastroplasty, gastric banding, gastric balloon.
If it is reconstructive surgery; aesthetic treatment. Surgeries such as
liposuction, tummy tuck, and breast lift for sagging are offered as an alternative
to obesity surgeries for suitable people.
If you have concluded that your body mass index is 30 and above; you should
apply to a health institution, have your routine check-ups and review treatment
options with your doctor. Your doctor can start your
treatment process as a result of examinations and tests, and you can take
precautions for obesity and the complications that obesity may cause.
What Are the Symptoms of Obesity?
The most basic symptom is excessive fat accumulation in the body. However, symptoms
that arise due to obesity, as well as visual problems, can be summarized as follows:
- Sweating
- Getting tired quickly
- Shortness of breath
- Snoring and sleep apnea
- Skin problems
- Back and joint pain
- Psychological problems and decreased self-esteem
What are the Conditions that Cause Obesity?
Excessive and wrong nutrition and lack of physical activity are considered the most
important causes of obesity. In addition to these factors, many genetic,
environmental, neurological, physiological, biochemical, socio-cultural, and
psychological factors
can cause obesity.
Obesity patients are patients with a body mass index (BMI) of 30 and above.
This value, also known as the body mass index (BMI), is calculated by dividing the
body mass in kilograms by the square of the height
in meters. According to the classification determined by the World Health
Organization; body mass index (BMI) data are classified as:
- Under 18.5: Underweight
- 18.5 - 24.9: Normal weight
- 25.0 - 29.9: Overweight
- 30.0 - 39.9: Obese
- Above 40.5: Morbidly obese (extreme - severe)
- 50 and above: Super obese
How is Body Mass Index Calculated?
The formula is body weight (kilograms/kg) divided by height (meters/m) squared. The
body mass index of a person who is 1.70 meters in height and 65 kilos is calculated
as follows;
1.70 x 1.70 = 2.89
65: 2.89 = 22.491
In this case, the person's
body mass index is 22,491, and someone with these characteristics is included in the
"Normal weight" group.
In young people and children, the body mass index is calculated in the same
way, but the results are evaluated differently. Because children have more than one
variable. Even if two children have the same body
mass index value, it can be seen that one of the children is obese and the other is
at the ideal weight. Because height and weight index in the 2 to 18 age group
differs according to age and gender, the measurement
should be made by a specialist dietitian or pediatrician.
What Kind of Diseases Does Obesity Cause?
Obesity; to coronary heart disease, hypertension, stroke, type 2 diabetes, uterine
cancer, breast cancer, prostate and colon cancer, osteoarthritis (rheumatism),
varicose veins, sleep-apnea syndrome, birth difficulties, ovarian cyst, and
depression. Obesity
treatment facilitates the treatment of these diseases and reduces the risk of
disease.
In addition, the presence of obesity is perceived as a body image disorder. Body
image dissatisfaction negatively affects psychological health. Therefore, negative
body image in obese individuals leads to a decrease in their self-esteem and
self-confidence,
thus making them more prone to depression.
In Which Cases Should Surgery be Performed Due to Obesity?
People whose diet and exercise practices are not successful and weight loss cannot
be achieved, individuals with a body mass index of 40 and above can have bariatric
surgery. Patients with a Body Mass Index (BMI) over 35 and those with
obesity-related
problems such as diabetes, hypertension, and sleep apnea may also prefer bariatric
surgery. Individuals with a BMI of 35 and below can first apply to the gastric
balloon application, which is a non-surgical method.
What Should I Do Before Obesity Treatment Methods?
The endocrinologist should evaluate whether the patients have hormonal problems and
their suitability for surgery before the surgery. Endoscopy must be performed to
detect any other possible pathology in the stomach before the operation.
Should I Have Gastric Sleeve Surgery or Gastric Bypass?
There are no major differences between the two surgical practices. However, sleeve
gastrectomy surgery is a physiological method. The application period of sleeve
gastrectomy surgery is shorter and easier to perform.
Weight gain can be observed in some of the patients three or four years
after the surgery, valid for both applications. In this case, if the patient has
undergone tube stomach surgery before, re-sleeve (re-tube
stomach) surgery or gastric bypass surgery is performed.
However, if the patient has previously undergone gastric bypass, there is
no chance for a second surgical treatment in case of weight regain. At this point,
the point to be considered is to determine which
method is suitable for the patient as a result of the examinations and tests, rather
than the operation technique.
What Are the Complications of Bariatric Surgery?
The most important complications of sleeve gastrectomy and gastric bypass surgeries
are leakage and bleeding in the stomach. However, with the modern techniques
developed today, their rates have decreased significantly. Both techniques are
applied minimally
invasive techniques (laparoscopic, robotic). With these techniques, patients can
quickly return to their routine life after surgery.
Why Should I Choose Surgical Methods for Obesity?
Considering that surgical interventions are a serious decision, diet and sports
should always be the first treatment approach in patients with suitable profiles.
However, although many of the patients have tried these methods many times; They did
not
achieve sufficient weight loss.
On the other hand, according to studies, it has been observed that most
obese patients lose weight temporarily with diet and exercise programs; It has been
understood that they generally lead their lives with
a high risk of regaining weight. Because of this vicious circle, patients may prefer
surgical applications.
What Awaits You After Sleeve Gastrectomy or Gastric Bypass?
It is important to adapt to the new diet after the surgery, especially in the first
few months. For this reason, patients are informed in detail by dietitians about how
to feed before and after the operation. In addition, patients can receive
psychiatric
help in terms of their psychological status after surgery.
Who Can Not Have Obesity Surgery Methods?
Obesity surgery is not suitable for individuals with psychiatric diseases, alcohol
or drug addiction, and patients who cannot comprehend the details of the operation.
Will I Regain Weight After Obesity treatment?
Depending on the type of treatment applied to the person, the duration of weight
loss and weight regain may vary. For example, in researches, after bariatric surgery
(stomach sleeve surgery, gastric bypass, type 2 diabetes surgery), weight loss is
expected
for 18 months, with the first 6 months being fast. Then there is weight
stabilization. A weight gain of approximately 10 percent is expected over the next
24 to 60 months.
In the light of scientific studies, the success rate of weight loss with
obesity treatments is 85%. Obesity patients can lose 60-80% of their excess weight
with obesity treatment methods.
However, it should not be forgotten that; Motivation, diet, and lifestyle
are very important after obesity treatment methods. Patients who can change their
lifestyle and diet with the lightness and motivation
of their weight loss can lose 100 percent of their excess weight and maintain it for
life.
An average of 15 percent of obese patients may experience weight gain
because they cannot change their lifestyle and eating habits after surgery.
What Are the Advantages of Gastric Bypass, Sleeve Gastrectomy, Type 2 Diabetes
Surgery?
- The patient loses more weight.
- It facilitates the course or recovery of obesity-related diseases.
- Better control of diabetes.
What Are the Disadvantages of Gastric Bypass, Sleeve Gastrectomy, Type 2 Diabetes
Surgery?
- Gastric reduction surgery requires vitamin and mineral supplements for a
certain period.
- You should always have a specific diet list.
- You must be under the control of a doctor at least once a year.
- Absorption of vitamins D and B12, iron, and other microelements becomes
insufficient.
- Nausea and vomiting are common.
What Are the Advantages of the Gastric Balloon and Gastric Injection Applications
- There is no need for surgical intervention.
- Recovery time is short.
- Fast results are obtained.
What Are the Disadvantages of the Gastric Balloon and Stomach Injection
Applications?
- Less weight is lost.
- Its effect is short.
- Over the years, the risk of gaining weight will increase.
- There is a risk of heartburn.
What Kind of Aesthetic Operations Can I Have After Obesity Treatment (Following
Surgical or Non-surgical Treatments)?
After obesity treatment, sagging may occur in some parts of the body. For example;
tummy tuck, breast lift, arm, and leg stretching can be applied.
Can I Get Pregnant During Obesity Treatment (Following Surgical or Non-surgical
Treatments)?
During pregnancy, it is very important to feed the baby in the womb. Vitamin and
mineral deficiencies can be seen as the nutrient intake will be limited after
obesity surgery and applications that do not require surgical intervention. This
situation will
adversely affect the mother and the baby. It is recommended to get pregnant after an
average of 1 year after bariatric surgery.